The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.